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Washington International Business Council (WIBC) Washington Government Relations Services (WGRS) Washington International Business Report (WIBR) Washington Monitoring, Reporting, and Analysis Washington Export Information & Licensing Service® (WEILS) 
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Washington International Business Report (WIBR)
THE G7/8 ECONOMIC SUMMIT: ISSUES AND OUTLOOKThe President maneuvered with considerable success in his first major multilateral encounters (the June NATO, U.S.-EU, and U.S.-Russia Summits), and the White House is keeping foreign matters centered on the radar screen as it prepares for the next challenge – the July 20-22 G7/8 Annual Economic Summit in Genoa, Italy. The heads of state will seek ways to cooperate in addressing global issues ranging from disease and poverty to trade and IMF reform, but unexpectedly dense economic clouds hover above and will definitely darken the atmosphere. The Bush Administration now believes that the balance of economic risk has shifted from the United States to the rest of the world, with the global downturn through the remainder of the year hitting Europe and Japan. The hope in Washington is that the U.S. economy, after slowing through the fall, will pick up thereafter. This disparity in perceptions of growth trajectories is already irritating G7 relations and is sure to test diplomatic dexterity not just at the Genoa summit but at the October Asia-Pacific Economic Forum Summit and the November World Trade Organization Ministerial.The Background G7 Ministers Paper Over Discord - Confronted by growth prospects well below earlier projections, the G7 countries have already taken to finger-pointing. Heading into a July 7 G7 Finance Ministers Summit-prep meeting, Treasury Secretary Paul O’Neill complained that the U.S. can’t be the sole “locomotive” for the world economy. This blunt suggestion that Europe and Japan are not carrying their weight provoked harsh countercharges that the U.S. is “the main origin of the current downturn” (from the French) and “the biggest problem” for the world economy (from the Germans). This public blame-game was quickly muffled. The meeting resulted in bland but largely upbeat assessments on the status of the world economy and vows of increased collaboration. But the outbreak of complaints suggests challenges ahead for global cooperation. Europe’s Growth Curve Lagging And Japan Heads Further Down - The Bush Administration and the Federal Reserve Board believe the U.S. growth curve will turn up more quickly and sharply than Europe’s for two fundamental reasons: 1) Washington is putting substantial economic stimulus into play – both fiscal (tax cuts totaling about $75 billion this year) and monetary (interest rate cuts of 275 basis points); and 2) the U.S. economy is showing itself to be more resilient, with a more competitive environment less hemmed in by structural rigidities and less jolted by energy price hikes, and therefore more attractive to investors as reflected in the persistent strength of the dollar. Ironically, this leaves the rest of the world dependent on the U.S. for growth, and as the slowdown here impacts trading partner exports, the slowdown abroad deepens, along with anger at the U.S. Washington, meanwhile, remains annoyed with the European Central Bank’s continued refusal to trim Euroland interest rates beyond May’s meager 25 basis point cut but is hopeful it may act again soon. While Japan promised at the ministerial that it wouldn’t allow its promised economic reforms to sink its economy into recession and won in return an enthusiastic endorsement for the Koizumi government’s plans from its G7 partners, its economy is continuing to deteriorate, privately distressing officials here. High Dollar a Political Problem - With such apparent divergence among G7 growth trend lines, it is clear why the euro has depreciated by 10% against the dollar since January (and 30% since its introduction two and a half years ago) while the yen has dropped by 9%. The high dollar coupled with plunging U.S. exports (a casualty of the faltering domestic demand abroad) has hit U.S. multinationals hard, and they have cited dollar strength and European demand weakness in their recent profit warnings. Some major business groups have begun to openly call for a weaker dollar. Although unlikely to lead to an explicit unilateral shift in Washington’s strong-dollar policy, this domestic pressure bolsters U.S. demands for stimulative European interest rate cuts. Washington will be watching for signals of a turn toward easing at the ECB’s July 19 meeting. Low Growth, High Dollar a Double Blow to Developing Sector - Even more serious casualties of the high dollar than the U.S. manufacturing sector are the developing economies. At this writing the emerging market countries have just been plunged into their biggest currency and capital outflow turmoil since the 1997-98 Asia-centered financial crisis. Poor performance at a July 10 Argentine bond auction, sparked by fears that the high dollar and slowing U.S. imports might force devaluation or a default on the country’s $130 billion debt, set off a global sell-off of developing sector currencies and equities, hitting Asia, Latin America, and Turkey (already struggling under a new IMF program). The G7/8 Agenda With these difficult economic developments as a backdrop, the leaders will meet in Genoa for what some are calling “the Development Summit.” High on the agenda are matters relating to the very poorest countries. Debt Relief - The Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative under which the G7 nations are arranging debt relief (with some conditions) for the 41 poorest economies will be hailed as a success to date and its extension to debts owed the multilateral development banks (MDBs) is likely to be discussed. The EU is expected to promote its “everything but guns” initiative under which almost all products from the poorest nations will soon be able to enter EU markets duty-free. The U.S. has not embraced this initiative, not wishing to replace the preferential trade arrangements it already has in place for Africa and the Caribbean as well as its Generalized System of Preferences program. Health - UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan has proposed a $7 billion global health fund to counter the ravages of the major diseases plaguing developing nations (AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis). The G7 nations have begun to pledge financial contributions, though the fund remains well short of its goal. This initiative and other means for collaborating on global health matters will be on the table in Genoa. Multilateral Institution Reform - Reform of the multilateral development banks (MDBs), an issue discussed at the Finance Ministers prep meeting (in fact the heads of the five MDBs attended), is a major subject on the Summit agenda. Change to these institutions is expected to come only gradually and incrementally despite the sharp criticisms voiced even by G7 officials The leaders will receive a report prepared by their governments titled, “Strengthening the International Financial System and the MDBs,” which calls for closer coordination among the various MDBs, less overlap of their lending activities, increased transparency in their functioning, and more emphasis in their lending on social goods like education and health care. O’Neill has also stressed the need for more focus on education in MDB lending and also advocates a greater reliance on grants rather than loans. Regarding the International Monetary Fund, the issue of making it a more effective “early warning” mechanism for identifying and quickly moving in on emerging financial problems is expected to be taken up, as is the idea of involving private lenders more in crisis management. The most controversial questions about the basic functioning of the IMF such as the “moral hazard” issue (whether or not it encourages excessive risk-taking by essentially guaranteeing risky loans) and the effectiveness of the austerity policies promoted in crisis countries may not be given consideration. In fact, it is likely the Summit will praise the IMF’s recent efforts in Argentina and Turkey. Taxes and Money Laundering - The leaders will also receive a report, “Fighting the Abuses of the Global Financial System,” proposing various means for the G7 to cooperate in combating money laundering and in cracking down on criminal tax practices. Washington and its advanced sector partners in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development finally crafted an agreement on this subject in late June. Under U.S. insistence, the group watered down an earlier OECD proposal that appeared to open the door to penalizing countries with low tax regimes. The final agreement only commits countries to an exchange of information on tax evaders. The Environment - European efforts to isolate Washington were undercut by Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi’s early July decision not to push for ratification of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on global climate change until the U.S. is ready to participate. The Genoa Summit will be immediately preceded by a Bonn conference at which rules for implementing Kyoto are to be adopted. Heading into the meeting, the Europeans were seeking additional allies. No one is sure quite where Tokyo will stand, but the issue is expected to be taken up again in Genoa. Biotechnology - Discussion of differences over genetically modified foods may be altered from what it would have been by the just-released UN Human Development Report 2001. The Report comes out strongly in favor of development of GM foods as having enormous potential for improving nutrition and food security in developing countries. This will strengthen Washington’s hand, though the report did side with the EU’s position in advocating that GM foods be labeled as such for consumers. Trade – The New Round - Trade issues remain highly contentious among the G7. However, the Genoa Summit is not likely to be looked on as the place for negotiating disputes or arguing over entrenched positions. Rather, the meeting’s main trade accomplishment may be a call for the November 9-13 WTO ministerial in Qatar to launch a new round of global trade talks. But if this is not accompanied by signs of flexibility on the key differences that have blocked agreement on a new round until now, then this could be a hollow achievement. WTO Director-General Mike Moore earlier this year designated end-July as the target date for determining whether there had been adequate movement toward consensus on a new round agenda so that it would be safe to aim for agreement on starting a new round at the November ministerial. But that deadline has been informally extended since it has been painfully obvious it couldn’t be met. Will the Genoa Summit advance matters? As of this writing there are few signs of flexibility emanating from the G7 countries in the key areas – agriculture, anti-dumping rules, scope of the round, inclusion of labor and environmental standards, eased implementation schedules for the poorer countries. The Summit is expected to hail the near-conclusion of China’s quest to join the WTO and urge that its membership be finalized this year, but if this victory for the WTO has given momentum to the drive for a new round, it is not yet visible. Nonetheless, real progress toward a new round remains quite possible. Work is quietly going on at the WTO in Geneva, painstakingly seeking to craft compromises that could be built into a larger consensus. Coupled with a sudden (and as of now unexpected) injection of political will into the G7 leaders spurred by the realization that failure in Qatar, in this negative global economic environment, could set back the world trading system, this work could bear fruit, though the process is unlikely to be visible by the time of the Genoa summit. Merger Impasse - Other trade matters likely to surface at the Summit will not make for any more congenial conversation than the contentious new round issues. The U.S. and the Europeans are undoubtedly going to touch on the EU’s rejection of the GE-Honeywell merger. Brussels blasted Washington for exerting political pressure for approval while U.S. officials insisted the decision – the first-ever foreign rejection of a merger of two U.S.-based companies approved by U.S. authorities – reflects a flawed and out-moded anti-trust philosophy that seeks to protect competitors rather than consumers. The two sides are likely to use the occasion of the Summit to set future talks aimed at figuring out how to avoid such confrontations in the future. The FSC - U.S. officials have signaled they may attempt to solve the dangerous standoff with the EU over the Foreign Sales Corporation law by once again revising U.S. law to bring it into conformity with WTO rules. If so, the Genoa Summit will be the first opportunity for high-level exchanges of views on an acceptable way out of this messy situation. Given the WTO’s rejection of the first revision as still non-compliant and given Brussels’ insistence it will pursue the case to the point of sanctions, changing the law may be the only path away from escalating confrontation. Steel - Steel may be addressed at the Summit from two sides. U.S. trading partners are likely to assail the Bush Administration’s self-initiation of a Section 201 import surge safeguard action against a broad range of steel products, a move that hits many of the G7/8 nations hard. But U.S. officials, as Secretary O’Neill demonstrated at the Finance Ministers prep meeting, will argue in favor of forging a global agreement to rein in steel capacity, beginning with an agreement to share information. Russia - Prospects for the Russian economy, which is showing signs of slowing after getting a boost from high oil prices and a soft ruble, will be the main subject when President Vladimir Putin is brought into the G7 discussions (at which point the gathering becomes the ”G8”). More interestingly, President Bush is holding a series of phone conversations with President Putin this summer on a wide range of topics, and will dispatch his National Security Adviser and Treasury and Commerce Secretaries to Russia after the Summit. Despite Russian resistance to or rejection of Bush’s objectives in key areas such as policy toward Iraq and missile defense, the two leaders appear eager to cultivate the working relationship established at their recent bilateral summit.
AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT UNDER SECRETARY FOR FOOD SAFETY - The Administration has nominated Elsa Murano, Texas A&M professor and Director of the Center for Food Safety. UNDER SECRETARY FOR NATURAL RESOURCES - Senate Energy Committee staffer and former forest products industry lobbyist Mark Rey has been nominated. COMMERCE DEPARTMENT UNDER SECRETARY FOR TECHNOLOGY - Phillip Bond, Director of Federal Public Policy for Hewlett-Packard Company and former Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs, is the nominee. ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION - The Administration has chosen Nancy Victory, Partner at Wiley Rein and Fielding. DIRECTOR OF LEGISLATIVE AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS FOR THE BUREAU OF EXPORT ADMINISTRATION - Catherine Wills, Legislative Assistant to Senator Mike Crapo (R-ID) for banking and trade, has been selected. SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE UNDER SECRETARY FOR EXPORT ADMINISTRATION - Scott Kamins, formerly of Park Strategies LLC, is new here. DEFENSE DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY FOR RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ACQUISITION - The nominee is John Young, currently a Professional Staff Member for the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense. DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARY FOR INDUSTRIAL AFFAIRS - Defense Department veteran Suzanne Patrick has been appointed here. SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE UNDER SECRETARY FOR ACQUISITION, TECHNOLOGY AND LOGISTICS - Kenneth Gordon, Executive Director of the Aerospace Corporation’s Center for Space Policy and Strategy, has been chosen. DEFENSE POLICY BOARD - Former Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle is expected to be named Chairman of this advisory group. LABOR DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH - This will be John Henshaw, Director of Environment, Safety and Health for Astaris, LLC. STATE DEPARTMENT AMBASSADORS - Recent nominees include: Christopher Dell, Principal Officer in Pristine, to Angola; Clifford Bond, Acting Principal Deputy to the Special Advisor for the New Independent States, to Bosnia and Herzegovina; Chief of Mission in Rwanda George Staples to Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea; Mattie Sharpless, Special Envoy to Emerging Economies at the Foreign Agricultural Service, to the Central African Republic; John Danilovich, Principal of Danilovich and Company and former Board of Directors member for the Panama Canal Commission, to Costa Rica; Jackson McDonald, currently Deputy Chief of Mission in Abidjan, to Gambia; Ambassador to Australia Edward Gnehm to Jordan; Former Ambassador to Latvia Larry Napper to Kazakhstan; Robert Loftis, Political Officer to the UN, to Lesotho; Wanda Nesbitt, Deputy Chief of Mission in Tanzania, to Madagascar; Michael Malinowski, Deputy Chief of Mission in Manila, to Nepal; Clifford Sobel, Chairman of Net2Phone and Empower America Advisory Board Member, to the Netherlands; Former Ambassador to Malawi Peter Chaveas to Sierra Leone; Former Ambassador to Togo Johnny Young to Slovenia; Frank Huddle, Principal Officer in Toronto, to Tajikistan; Former South Carolina Secretary of Commerce Robert Royall to Tanzania; Martin Silverstein, head of the law firm Martin J. Silverstein and Associates, to Uruguay; Former Ambassador to Croatia William Montgomery to Yugoslavia; and Joseph Sullivan, Chief of Mission in Angola, to Zimbabwe. DEFENSE TRADE SECURITY INITIATIVE (DTSI) COORDINATOR - Susan Clark has been named to this new position in the Office of Defense Trade Controls. TREASURY DEPARTMENT CHEIF COUNSEL FOR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AND ASSISTANT GENERAL COUNSEL - B. John Williams, a Partner with Shearman and Sterling, is the nominee. WHITE HOUSE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL - Elliot Abrams, former Assistant Secretary of State and head of the US Commission on International Religious Freedom, has been named Senior Director for Democracy, Human Rights and International Operations ... Mary K. Sturtevant has been appointed Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Intelligence Programs. Ms. Sturtevant was previously at the Central Intelligence Agency, where she served in senior positions in the Directorate of Operations, the Directorate of Science and Technology, and as Agency Comptroller … Anna Perez, former Press Secretary to First Lady Barbara Bush, has been appointed Deputy Assistant to the President and will advise NSA Condoleezza Rice and White House Senior Aide Karen Hughes on communications strategy … Mary Ellen Countryman, a career Foreign Service Officer is leaving her position as Assistant Press Secretary for Foreign Affairs and Director of Public Affairs for a rotation in Burma. OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET - Angela Styles has been recently appointed Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy. Previously, she was with the General Services Administration Office of Governmentwide Policy and was a member of the Bush transition team in GSA. OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - John Marburger, Director of the US Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory and President of Brookhaven Science Associates, has been nominated to be the Director and Assistant to the President for Science and Technology. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE - The Administration’s nominee is former Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Deputy Director Donald Schregardus. FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD MEMBER - Mark Olson, former Staff Director of the Senate Banking, House and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on Securities, has been nominated to represent the 9th District. OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION CHIEF OF STAFF - Joe Flynn who worked with Chairman Peter Watson at the US International Trade Commission is new here. INVESTMENT INSURANCE OFFICER - Suzanne Etcheverry is working on South America and Asia. She joined OPIC after working for Philip Morris. US AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR EUROPE AND EURASIA - Kent Hill, President of Eastern Nazarene College and former President of the Institute on Religion and Democracy, has been nominated. ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR GLOBAL HEALTH - Virginia State Commissioner of Health E. Anne Peterson has been nominated. ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE - The Administration’s nominee is Kevin Kennedy, Chief of the UN’s Humanitarian Emergency Branch in the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR LEGISLATIVE AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS - The Administration’s nominee is J. Edward Fox, former Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs. CONGRESS NEW SENATE COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS - The following new assignments have been made to reflect the new balance of power and committee rations in the Senate: Agriculture: Paul Wellstone (D- MN); Appropriations: Jack Reed (D-RI); Armed Services: Jeff Bingaman (D-NM); Banking, Housing & Urban Affairs: Daniel Akaka (D-HI); Budget: Jon Corzine (D-NJ); Commerce, Science & Transportation: Bill Nelson (D-FL); Energy & Natural Resources: Tom Carper (D-DE); Environment & Public Works: James Jeffords (I-VT); Finance: Craig Thomas (R-WY); Foreign Relations: Mike Enzi (R-WY), Jay Rockefeller (D-WV); Governmental Affairs: Mark Dayton (D-MN), Jim Bunning (R-KY); Health, Education, Labor & Pensions: Mike DeWine (R-OH); Judiciary: John Edwards (D-NC); Rules & Administration: Dick Durbin (D-IL); Intelligence: Barbara Mikulski (D-MD); and Joint Economic: Robert Torricelli (D-NJ). HOUSE WAYS & MEANS COMMITTEE - Barbara Clay, former Director of Communications at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Director of Public Affairs at the Treasury Department, has joined the Committee as Director of Communications … Christin Tinsely, Communications Director for Representative Anne Northup (R-KY) is the new Deputy Press Director … Mark Gundersen, former NASDAQ Manager of Media Relations, is the new Press Secretary. JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE - Former Health and Human Services Deputy Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation Patricia Ruggles is the new Staff Director … Frank Sammartino of the Urban Institute’s Income and Benefits Policy Center is now Principal Economist for tax and retirement policies … Diane Lim Rogers is Principal Economist covering tax and budget policies. She was a Senior Economist on the Council of Economic Advisers during 2000-01 … Formerly with the Congressional Budget Office, Matt Salomon is now Principal Economist for macroeconomic issues. SECRETARY OF THE SENATE - Jeri Thomson, previously the Democrats’ liaison in the office of the Senate Sergeant at Arms, has been named here. OFFICE OF SENATOR FRANK MURKOWSKI (R-AK) - Jack Phelps, the Executive Director of the Alaska Forest Association, is Senator Murkowski’s new Chief of Staff, replacing David Garman, who was recently appointed Assistant Secretary of Energy for Renewable Energy and Efficiency. ADVISORY COMMITTEES, BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA - Senator Max Baucus (D-MT) will replace Senator Chuck Hagel (R-NE) as Chairman following the shift of power in the Senate. PRESIDENT’S NATIONAL SECURITY TELECOMMUNICATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE - Members: Daniel P. Burnham representing the Raytheon Company, will be designated Chairman, Joseph Paul Nacchio representing Qwest, will be designated Vice Chairman, Van B. Honeycutt representing the Computer Sciences Corporation, Clay M. Jones representing Rockwell Collins, David Michael Cote representing TRW, F. Duane Ackerman representing BellSouth, Herbert W. Anderson representing Logicon, Donald Joseph Obert representing the Bank of America, Bernard John Ebbers representing MCI Worldcom. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION - Nils Diaz has been nominated to be a Member of the Commission for a five year term. He has served as a Commissioner since 1996. TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT POLICY ADVISORY COMMITTEE - World Resources Institute President Jonathan Lash has been selected as Chairman. FOREIGN EMBASSIES CHILE - Minister Gabriel Zepeda is leaving Washington to take on a new assignment in Bolivia. CROATIA - Deputy Chief of Mission Dr. Branko Baričević has left. His successor is Dr. Krešimir Piršl. EGYPT - Secretary Amr Al Jowaily will be returning to Egypt this fall. FINLAND - Ambassador Jaako Laajava will be returning to Helsinki to take a top post in the Foreign Ministry. His successor will be Jukka Valtasaari, who was Finland’s Ambassador here in the 1990s. GERMANY - Minister (Economic) Dr. Peter Ammon will return to Germany to become Assistant Secretary for Economy in the Foreign Ministry. His successor will be Berndt Fischer, who was Chief of Protocol in the Berlin Senate. ICELAND - Deputy Chief of Mission Sveinn Björnsson will return to Iceland, where he will handle World Bank affairs at the Foreign Ministry. Sudni Bragason will succeed him. NORWAY - Counselor for Shipping and Aviation Helle Klem is returning to Oslo … New as Science Counselor is Dr. Jostein Mykletun. TURKEY - Ambassador Baki Ilkin will be leaving this fall. UNITED KINGDOM - Counselor Charles Gray will return to London shortly. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - Hilton Root, Director and Senior Fellow for Global Studies at the Milken Institute, has been nominated US Director with the rank of Ambassador. GLOBAL BUSINESS COUNCIL ON HIV/AIDS - Former US Ambassador to the UN Richard Holbrooke is the new President and Chief Executive Officer. INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - Jose Fourquet, formerly with Goldman, Sachs and Company, is the Administration’s nominee for Executive Director. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND - Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Randal Quarles has been nominated as Executive Director for the two-year term. ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE - Stephen Minikes, Managing Partner of Thelen, Reid and Priest’s DC office, has been nominated to be the US Representative with the rank of Ambassador. UNITED NATIONS - The General Assembly unanimously approved a second five-year term for Kofi Annan as Secretary-General, to begin on January 1, 2002. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION - Director-General Michael Moore has appointed an Advisory Panel on WTO Affairs: Professor Robert Baldwin, University of Wisconsin; Professor Jagdish N. Bhagwati, Special Adviser to the UN on Globalization; Dr. Peter Eigen, Chairman, Transparency International; Professor Victor Halberstadt, Leiden University; Professor Koichi Hamada, President, Economic and Social Research Institute (Cabinet Office), Tokyo; Professor Patrick Messerlin, Institute of Political Studies, Paris; Dr. Konrad Von Moltke, International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg; Dr. Sylvia Ostry, Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto; Professor Ademola Oyejide, University of Ibadan; Professor Manmohan Singh, Leader of the Opposition, India; Senator LeRoy Trotman, former General Secretary, Barbados Workers' Union; and Dr. Ernesto Zedillo, former President of Mexico.
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